Papers by David Ifeoluwa Adelani

27 papers
AfriMTEB and AfriE5: Benchmarking and Adapting Text Embedding Models for African Languages (2026.eacl-long)

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Challenge: Text embeddings are an essential building component of several NLP tasks.
Approach: They propose a regional expansion of MTEB covering 59 languages, 14 tasks, and 38 datasets, including six newly added datasets.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms baselines and mE5 in hate speech detection, intent detection, and emotion classification tasks.
BRIGHTER: BRIdging the Gap in Human-Annotated Textual Emotion Recognition Datasets for 28 Languages (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Emotion recognition is an umbrella term for several NLP tasks, but most work on high-resource languages has focused on low-resourced languages.
Approach: They propose to use emotion recognition to describe perceived emotions in 28 different languages and across several domains to identify and annotate the datasets.
Outcome: The proposed datasets cover low-resource languages from Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America, with instances labeled by fluent speakers.
AfriHate: A Multilingual Collection of Hate Speech and Abusive Language Datasets for African Languages (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Hate speech and abusive language are global phenomena that need sociocultural background knowledge to be understood, identified, and moderated.
Approach: They propose to use a multilingual dataset to collect hate speech and abusive language in 15 African languages to help improve model performance.
Outcome: The proposed datasets are based on tweets annotated by native speakers familiar with the regional culture and show that they perform well in low-resource settings.
Warmup Generations: A Task-Agnostic Approach for Guiding Sequence-to-Sequence Learning with Unsupervised Initial State Generation (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing supervised fine-tuning (SFT) methods focus on directly generating the target output without leveraging the benefits of intermediate steps or initial guidance.
Approach: They propose a task-agnostic framework that enables models to generate intermediate "warmup" sequences that are iteratively refined to maximize their contribution to the final output.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms traditional supervised fine-tuning methods on translation, summarization, and multi-choice question answering tasks.
NollySenti: Leveraging Transfer Learning and Machine Translation for Nigerian Movie Sentiment Classification (2023.acl-short)

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Challenge: Africa has over 2000 indigenous languages but they are under-represented in NLP research due to lack of datasets.
Approach: They propose to use a dataset to classify sentiments for cross-domain adaptation for Nigerian and other African languages.
Outcome: The proposed dataset compares the performance of cross-domain adaptation from Twitter domain and cross-lingual adaptation from English domain.
ÌròyìnSpeech: A Multi-purpose Yorùbá Speech Corpus (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: rynSpeech corpus is a dataset that can be used for both Text-to-Speecher (TTS) and Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) speakers of many African languages have no access to voice-enabled applications in their native languages.
Approach: They propose a dataset to collect Yorùbá speech data that can be used for both TTS and ASR tasks.
Outcome: The proposed dataset can generate a good quality model with as little as 5 hours of speech . the results are consistent with previous studies on the Yorùbá language .
Does Generative AI speak Nigerian-Pidgin?: Issues about Representativeness and Bias for Multilingualism in LLMs (2025.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Nigeria is a multilingual country with 500+ languages.
Approach: They propose to use a pidgin and a creole to analyze the pidgins of Nigeria . they also use machine translation to analyze their results .
Outcome: The results show that the two pidgins do not represent each other and are hard to teach . the results show the pidgin varieties are underrepresented in Generative AI .
MasakhaNER: Named Entity Recognition for African Languages (2021.tacl-1)

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Challenge: (2020) African languages are underrepresented in existing natural language processing datasets, research, and tools due to lack of datasets and reproducible results.
Approach: They propose to create a dataset for named entity recognition (NER) in ten African languages.
Outcome: The results of the first large dataset for named entity recognition (NER) in ten African languages are released to inform future research on African NLP.
AfroXLMR-Social: Adapting Pre-trained Language Models for African Languages Social Media Text (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Domain adaptive pre-training and task-adaptive pre- training (TAPT) are popular methods to reduce this bias for low-resource languages, but they have not been explored for African multilingual encoders.
Approach: They propose a large-scale social media and news domain corpus for continual pre-training on African languages.
Outcome: The proposed methods improve performance on three subjective tasks, including sentiment analysis, multi-label emotion, and hate speech classification, while TAPT improves performance on other related tasks.
AFRIDOC-MT: Document-level MT Corpus for African Languages (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: AFRIDOC-MT is a document-level multi-parallel translation dataset covering five languages . AFRITIC-MT models perform better on sentences than general-purpose LLMs .
Approach: They propose a document-level multi-parallel translation dataset covering English and five African languages.
Outcome: The proposed dataset covers 334 health and 271 information technology news documents . it shows that NLLB-200 achieves the best average performance among standard models .
Adapting Pre-trained Language Models to African Languages via Multilingual Adaptive Fine-Tuning (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Multilingual pre-trained language models have shown impressive performance on several downstream tasks for both high-resourced and low-resource languages.
Approach: They propose to apply multilingual adaptive fine-tuning to 17 most-resourced African languages and three other high-resource languages to encourage cross-lingual transfer learning.
Outcome: The proposed approach is competitive to LAFT on individual languages while requiring significantly less disk space.
Afri-MCQA: Multimodal Cultural Question Answering for African Languages (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Afri-MCQA is the first multilingual cultural question-answering benchmark containing 7.5k Q A pairs across 15 African languages from 12 countries.
Approach: They introduce Afri-MCQA, the first multilingual cultural question-answering benchmark containing 7.5k Q A pairs across 15 African languages from 12 countries.
Outcome: The proposed model shows poor performance across cultures, with near zero accuracy on open-ended VQA when queried through native language or speech.
Few-Shot Pidgin Text Adaptation via Contrastive Fine-Tuning (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Currently, low resource languages are not supported by proper translation systems or parallel corpus.
Approach: They propose to fine-tune the pretrained language models to generate utterances in English-to-Pidgin by leveraging the proximity of the source and target languages and using positive and negative examples in constrastive training objectives.
Outcome: The proposed method is sufficient to generate utterances in English-to-Pidgin, which are two closely-related languages.
WorldCuisines: A Massive-Scale Benchmark for Multilingual and Multicultural Visual Question Answering on Global Cuisines (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Vision Language Models struggle with cultural-specific knowledge, especially in languages other than English and in underrepresented cultural contexts.
Approach: They propose a visual question answering (VQA) dataset with text-image pairs across 30 languages and dialects and a training dataset.
Outcome: The proposed model performs better with correct location context, but struggles with adversarial contexts and predicting specific regional cuisines and languages.
SSA-COMET: Do LLMs Outperform Learned Metrics in Evaluating MT for Under-Resourced African Languages? (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing metrics for machine translation quality for under-resourced African languages suffer from limited language coverage and poor performance in low-resource settings.
Approach: They propose a large-scale human-annotated machine translation evaluation dataset . they use a reference-based and reference-free evaluation model to compare MT quality .
Outcome: The proposed models outperform AfriCOMET and the strongest LLM on low-resource languages.
Charting the Landscape of African NLP: Mapping Progress and Shaping the Road Ahead (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: African languages are often left behind in state-of-the-art natural language processing systems and large language models.
Approach: They analyze 884 research papers on NLP for African languages published over past five years . they identify key trends shaping the field and outline promising directions .
Outcome: The findings identify key trends shaping the field and outline promising directions . the authors analyze 884 research papers on NLP for African languages published over the past five years .
NaijaSenti: A Nigerian Twitter Sentiment Corpus for Multilingual Sentiment Analysis (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Sentiment analysis is one of the most widely studied applications in NLP, but most work focuses on languages with large amounts of data.
Approach: They propose a large-scale human-annotated Twitter sentiment dataset for the four most widely spoken languages in Nigeria.
Outcome: The proposed dataset includes 30,000 tweets and a significant fraction of code-mixed tweets.
Multilingual Language Model Pretraining using Machine-translated Data (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for collecting and filtering multilingual web data lead to most languages lagging behind English performance due to the Internet's English-centric nature.
Approach: They propose to translate a high-quality English web corpus into nine languages and pretrain a 1.3B-parameter model on it.
Outcome: The proposed model matches or outperforms multilingual LLMs of similar size across Non-English understanding and reasoning tasks despite being trained on an order of magnitude less data.
Mitigating Translationese in Low-resource Languages: The Storyboard Approach (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Low-resource languages often face challenges in acquiring high-quality language data due to the reliance on translation-based methods, which introduce the translationese effect.
Approach: They propose a method that uses storyboards to elicit more fluent and natural sentences from native speakers without direct exposure to the source text.
Outcome: The proposed method compared with traditional translation-based methods in terms of accuracy and fluency.
IrokoBench: A New Benchmark for African Languages in the Age of Large Language Models (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) are limited to a few high-resource languages . many low-resourced languages are evaluated only on basic text classification tasks .
Approach: They propose to use IrokoBench to evaluate 17 low-resource African languages . they use human-translated benchmark datasets to evaluate zero-shot, few-shot and translate-test settings .
Outcome: The proposed model performs well in English and French, but the highest performing model perform poorly in proprietary models.
BLOOM+1: Adding Language Support to BLOOM for Zero-Shot Prompting (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing language adaptation strategies for multilingual models are limited to 46 languages . a new language is added to the model to improve zero-shot prompting performance .
Approach: They apply existing language adaptation strategies to BLOOM and benchmark its zero-shot prompting performance on eight new languages in a resource-constrained setting.
Outcome: The proposed model can be extended to other languages without incurring prohibitively large costs.
AfriqueLLM: How Data Mixing and Model Architecture Impact Continued Pre-training for African Languages (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Continued pretraining (CPT) is a practical route to language adaptation, but improvements on demanding capabilities such as mathematical reasoning are limited.
Approach: They propose to use CPT to adapt large language models to African languages . they use math, code, and synthetic translated data to analyze their models .
Outcome: The proposed models improve on multilingual benchmarks and document-level translation.
INJONGO: A Multicultural Intent Detection and Slot-filling Dataset for 16 African Languages (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Slot-filling and intent detection tasks are well-established tasks in Conversational AI, but current benchmarks for these tasks rely on evaluations of low-resource languages and translations from English benchmarks.
Approach: They propose to use a multilingual, open-source benchmark dataset for 16 African languages with utterances generated by native speakers across diverse domains.
Outcome: The proposed dataset compares multilingual transformer models and prompting large language models (LLMs) with the English language.
Global MMLU: Understanding and Addressing Cultural and Linguistic Biases in Multilingual Evaluation (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Reliable multilingual evaluation is difficult and culturally appropriate evaluation is even harder to achieve.
Approach: They propose a multilingual evaluation framework that aims to mitigate these biases by improving translations and annotation practices.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves translation quality and cultural coverage and is culturally sensitive and culturally agnostic.
AfroBench: How Good are Large Language Models on African Languages? (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large-scale multilingual evaluations often include only a handful of African languages due to the scarcity of high-quality data and the limited discoverability of existing datasets.
Approach: They propose a multi-task benchmark to evaluate the performance of LLMs across 64 African languages, 15 tasks and 22 datasets.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark compares LLMs across 64 African languages, 15 tasks and 22 datasets.
MERLIN: Multi-Stage Curriculum Alignment for Multilingual Encoder-LLM Integration in Cross-Lingual Reasoning (2026.eacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods to align large language models with multilingual encoders raise accuracy for low-resource languages (LRLs) but performance of LLMs in low- and high-resourced languages remains a problem.
Approach: They propose a model-stacking framework that iteratively refines in 2-stages based on a curriculum strategy and adapts only a small set of DoRA weights.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves exact-match accuracy by +12.9 pp over MindMerger and outperforms GPT-4o-mini by 15.2 pp on the AfriMGSM benchmark.

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